Difference between revisions of "Vector space"
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| − | An introduction to the important concepts of vector | + | An introduction to the important concepts of vector spaces and linear algebra may be found on the [[Basis and coordinates]] page |
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
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We denote a vector space as "Let <math>(V,F)</math> be a vector space" often we will write simply "let <math>V</math> be a vector space" if it is understood what the field is, because [[Mathematicians are lazy|mathematicians are lazy]] | We denote a vector space as "Let <math>(V,F)</math> be a vector space" often we will write simply "let <math>V</math> be a vector space" if it is understood what the field is, because [[Mathematicians are lazy|mathematicians are lazy]] | ||
| − | A [[Norm|normed]] vector space may be | + | A [[Norm|normed]] vector space may be denoted <math>(V,\|\cdot\|_V,F)</math> |
===Example=== | ===Example=== | ||
Take <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math>, an entry <math>v\in\mathbb{R}^n</math> may be denoted <math>(v_1,...,v_n)=v</math>, scalar multiplication and addition are defined as follows: | Take <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math>, an entry <math>v\in\mathbb{R}^n</math> may be denoted <math>(v_1,...,v_n)=v</math>, scalar multiplication and addition are defined as follows: | ||
* <math>\lambda\in\mathbb{R},v\in\mathbb{R}^n</math> we define scalar multiplication <math>\lambda v=(\lambda v_1,...,\lambda v_n)</math> | * <math>\lambda\in\mathbb{R},v\in\mathbb{R}^n</math> we define scalar multiplication <math>\lambda v=(\lambda v_1,...,\lambda v_n)</math> | ||
| − | * <math>u,v\in\mathbb{R}^n</math> - we define addition as <math>u+v=(u_1+v_1,...,u_n+v_n)</math> | + | * <math>u,v\in\mathbb{R}^n</math> - we define addition as <math>u+v=(u_1+v_1,...,u_n+v_n)</math> |
==Important concepts== | ==Important concepts== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:30, 23 August 2015
An introduction to the important concepts of vector spaces and linear algebra may be found on the Basis and coordinates page
Definition
A vector space [ilmath]V[/ilmath] over a field [ilmath]F[/ilmath] is a non empty set [ilmath]V[/ilmath] and the binary operations:
- [math]+:V\times V\rightarrow V[/math] given by [math]+(x,y)=x+y[/math] - vector addition
- [math]\times:F\times V\rightarrow V[/math] given by [math]\times(\lambda,x)=\lambda x[/math] - scalar multiplication
Such that the following 8 "axioms of a vector space" hold
Axioms of a vector space
- [math](x+y)+z=x+(y+z)\ \forall x,y,z\in V[/math]
- [math]x+y=y+x\ \forall x,y\in V[/math]
- [math]\exists e_a\in V\forall x\in V:x+e_a=x[/math] - this [math]e_a[/math] is denoted [math]0[/math] once proved unique.
- [math]\forall x\in V\ \exists y\in V:x+y=e_a[/math] - this [math]y[/math] is denoted [math]-x[/math] once proved unique.
- [math]\lambda(x+y)=\lambda x+\lambda y\ \forall\lambda\in F,\ x,y\in V[/math]
- [math](\lambda+\mu)x = \lambda x+\mu x\ \forall\lambda,\mu\in F,\ x\in V[/math]
- [math]\lambda(\mu x)=(\lambda\mu)x\ \forall\lambda,\mu\in F,\ x\in V[/math]
- [math]\exists e_m\in F\forall x\in V:e_m x = x[/math] - this [math]e_m[/math] is denoted [math]1[/math] once proved unique.
Notation
We denote a vector space as "Let [math](V,F)[/math] be a vector space" often we will write simply "let [math]V[/math] be a vector space" if it is understood what the field is, because mathematicians are lazy
A normed vector space may be denoted [math](V,\|\cdot\|_V,F)[/math]
Example
Take [math]\mathbb{R}^n[/math], an entry [math]v\in\mathbb{R}^n[/math] may be denoted [math](v_1,...,v_n)=v[/math], scalar multiplication and addition are defined as follows:
- [math]\lambda\in\mathbb{R},v\in\mathbb{R}^n[/math] we define scalar multiplication [math]\lambda v=(\lambda v_1,...,\lambda v_n)[/math]
- [math]u,v\in\mathbb{R}^n[/math] - we define addition as [math]u+v=(u_1+v_1,...,u_n+v_n)[/math]
Important concepts
- Linear maps - the homomorphisms and isomorphisms of vector spaces
- Span, linear independence, linear dependence, basis and dimension
- Norm
- Linear isometry
