Category

Definition

A Category [ilmath]C[/ilmath] consists of 3 things:

1. A class of objects [ilmath]\mathcal{X} [/ilmath]
2. For every ordered pair, [ilmath](X,Y)[/ilmath] of objects a set [ilmath]\hom(X,Y)[/ilmath] of morphisms [ilmath]f[/ilmath]
3. A function called composition of morphisms:
   • [ilmath]F_{(X,Y,Z)}:\hom(X,Y)\times\hom(Y,Z)\rightarrow\hom(X,Z)[/ilmath]

   defined for every triple, [ilmath](X,Y,Z)[/ilmath] of objects where

   • Where [ilmath]F_{(X,Y,Z)}(f,g)[/ilmath] is denoted [ilmath]g\circ f[/ilmath]

and the following [ilmath]2[/ilmath] properties are satisfied:

1. (Associativity) if [ilmath]f\in\hom(W,X)[/ilmath] and [ilmath]g\in\hom(X,Y)[/ilmath] and [ilmath]h\in\hom(Y,Z)[/ilmath] then
   • [ilmath]h\circ(g\circ f)=(h\circ g)\circ f[/ilmath]
2. (Existence of identities) if [ilmath]X[/ilmath] is an object then there exists a [ilmath]1_X\in\hom(X,X)[/ilmath] such that:
   • [ilmath]1_X\circ f=f[/ilmath] and [ilmath]g\circ 1_X=g[/ilmath]

   for every [ilmath]f\in\hom(W,X)[/ilmath] and [ilmath]g\in\hom(X,Y)[/ilmath] where [ilmath]W[/ilmath] and [ilmath]Y[/ilmath] are any class of objects

Uniqueness of the identity

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TODO: Be bothered to prove

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Left & right inverses

Let [ilmath]f\in\hom(X,Y)[/ilmath] and [ilmath]g,\ g'\in\hom(Y,X)[/ilmath], if:

• [ilmath]g\circ f=1_X[/ilmath] we call [ilmath]g[/ilmath] a left inverse for [ilmath]f[/ilmath] and if
• [ilmath]f\circ g'=1_X[/ilmath] we call [ilmath]g'[/ilmath] a right inverse for [ilmath]f[/ilmath]

See also

• Natural transformation
• Covariant functor
• Contravariant functor